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causes of blackheads

A normal functioning pore produces a normal amount of sebum from the sebaceous glands to reach out onto the surface of skin through the Pilosebaceous duct (which is made up of the sebaceous glands, the hair follicle, and the hair strand itself). It melts into an imperceptible film forming a protective, healthy barrier over the skin. When the routes or Pilosebaceous duct is clogged or blocked, sebum is trapped within the pore and form comedones (blackheads or whiteheads).

main causes of blackheads and whiteheads

1. Excessive sebum production
 
• Blackheads and whiteheads normally happen to oily or combination skin type where sebaceous gland is active in producing excessive sebum.
• During adolescence, sebaceous glands enlarge and produce more sebum under the influence of hormones androgens. After the age of 20+, sebum production begins to decrease.
• Excessive sebum production is usually caused by seborrhea, a skin condition caused by overactive sebaceous glands.
• Other factors that attribute to excessive sebum production or an overactive sebaceous glands includes:
 
• Hormones changes or endocrinal imbalance:
 
• Sebum production is controlled by hormones androgens, a hormone produced by the ovaries (or testes in men) and adrenal glands.
• The body normally keeps androgens perfectly balanced, but sometimes body can produce too much androgens (known as androgen excess), which is common in early adolescence; or too much tension; or improper contraceptive medicines and antibiotics; or insufficient sleep; or genetic causes may disturb the balance of hormonal secretion.
• Studies have shown that sebum production was significantly higher in the ovulation phase due to the influence of menstrual-cycle-regulated hormones Luteinising.
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2. Excessive build-up of dead skin cells
 
• The skin epidermis layer is made up of 10 to 30 very thin layers which continually shed dead skin cells or keratin. This layer is sloughed off or desquamated continually as new cells take its place. These dead skin cells grow, mature, die, desquamate, and are carried to the surface of skin by the flow of sebum through the Pilosebaceous duct.
• When the dead skin cells are not carried to the skin surface, they clog the Pilosebaceous duct, resulting in the sebum and the dead skin cells trapped inside the pores and form blackheads and whiteheads.
• Some people have a skin condition in which the skin cells don not shed the way they should, creating a greater potential for occurrence of blackheads and whiteheads.
• The cells function properly only if the skin is kept in a constant hydrated or moist state. A dehydrated pore debris may become dry, harden, and prone to build-up of dead skin cells, which block the Pilosebaceous duct.
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3. Some other causes of blackheads and whiteheads are humidity, environmental, improper use of skincare products or simply unhealthy lifestyle. Although poor hygiene alone is not the cause of blackheads, it does contribute.
 
• Humidity causes people to perspire. When this sweat is combined with the sebum on the skin, there is a possibility of the pores to be blocked, and a blackhead to form.
• Using skincare products or cosmetic that contain talc or waxes or petrochemical-based oils may contribute to a clogged pore as these products block the follicle opening and hamper the sebum secretion. These makeup and grease also tend to deposit in the skin pores and restrain the flow of sebum, resulting to what we know as blackheads and whiteheads.
• Blackheads can also be formed from smoking, insufficient sleep, or unhealthy diet routines. All these leads to metabolic imbalance which turns the acidic skin into alkaline condition; where an alkaline skin is more prone to blackheads and other skin problems.
• Prolonged contact with the sun without any protection will eventually cause the thickening of the skin, and can contribute to the blockage of follicles.